Island



(No Model.)

H. I. LEITH.

BOTTLE.

YNo. 489,965.

Patented Jan.- 1'7, 1893.

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HARVEY I. LEITII, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

BOTTLE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 489,965, dated January17, 1893..

Application led March 16, 1892.

To all whom t may con/007%:

Be it known that I, HARVEY I. LEITH, a citizen of the United States, andaresident of Providence, in the countyof Providence and State 0f RhodeIsland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bottles, ofwhich the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide a bottle or similar receptacle,as for example, an oil can, from the interior of which a liquid may beobtained by the mere inversion cf the vessel, but into which a liquidcannot be introduced without breaking a seal.

My invention herein described, relates to important improvements overthe construction set forth in former patents granted to me, and havingthe following data;-No. 360,102, of March 29, 1887, filed September 28,1886, and No. 368,345, of August 16, 1887, filed May 11, les?.

`In the accompanying drawings, Figure l, is a sectional elevation of thedevice, with a portion of the bott-le broken away, as an unnecessarypart of the invention. Fig. 2, is a cross sectional plan of the device,the section being taken at the line X, in Fig. l. One or two of thedetails are in part, broken away so as to show as much as possible inthe single view. Fig. 3, is a modification of the means for sealing thestopper. It is a vertical section and only enough is shown to illustratethe difference over the construction seen in Fig. l. Fig. 4, is amodification, in section, in part, of a valve construction which may besubstituted for that seen in Fig. 1, without departing from the natureof the invention. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, l1, and 12, are modifications,partly in section of the means for admitting air into the bottle. Fig.l2, is a section of a part of that shown in Fig. 1l. Fig. 10, is a plancfa modified valve which may be used in my device. Fig. 13, is a sectionof a modiiied valve construction. Fig. 14, is a sectional View of amodification of the construction shown in Fig. 3. A piece of rubber isbetween the base of the cap and the flange c', and a hole p formed aboveit.

The device embodying the invention consists of the combination of abottle a, provided as usual with a neck b, havinga mouth c; a circularange tl, at the end of the mouth;

Serial No. 425,098. (Ilo model.)

the face of the flange forming a valve seat; a valve, consisting of arubber cap e which contains perforations arranged around the center andlocated so that the holes are upon the upper surface of the flange d;the holes being lettered f; a rubber ring g, surrounding the neck l),and located below the said flange d; a perforated cap 7L, applied overthe neck and the valve, and held by pressure and friction on the ring g,and whose lower edge rests upon the Lipper part'of the bottle just belowthe neck thereof, the perforation or outlet t', being just above thevalve; a capillary tube j, passing through the bottle below the valve,i. e. at a point Which is between the bottom of t-he bottle and the saidvalve; the tube being bent upward and having an enlarged end in whichlies a ball valve 7.1; a gauze l', over the enlarged end and inclosingthe ball valve to serve as means for retaining the val-ve wit-hinproperlimits; a porous substance such for example as blotting paperm,inserted between the cap 7L, and the neck l), and having a concaveportion cut away at the mouth of the tubej, the porous substance fittingin the space named completely, and in such a manner that on becomingWet,it expands to such an extent as to be practically air tight underslight or substantially no pressure; a ring n, surrounding the foot ofthe cap 7L which is provided with a flange CZ', the space between thecap 71 and ring n., being filled with wax,

plaster soft metal or similar impressionable substance which may becalled the sealing material 0; a tube p, communicating from the outsideatmosphere with the porous substance m; and located, preferably on theopposite side of the neck from' the tube j; and a deflector q, on theupper surface of the rubber valve e, and attached thereto, and providedwith legs r, which rest upon the flange d, but are not fastened thereto.

Upon the sealing material o, is stamped as shown the words ContentsGuaranteed Genuine, and a date, but it is evident that any suitablewords may be stamped thereon, when as afterwards described that theobject of the stamping is a signal in the future as to whether the sealhas been tampered with.

In Fig. 4t, the rubber sheet valve e, is cemented to the rubber ring?"upon which |nov IOO ably rests the defiector q', which in this case is aball With hard and smooth surface, while in Fig. 1, the defiector q, isa conical mass, with the apex, just below the aperture t'.

In Fig. 3, the fiange d rests upon a projecting ring extending from theneck of the bottle. The ring just named is lettered g.

o is a piece or ring of soft metal which is applied to the device, andits edge which is seen under the fiange g is bent by force so as to makea clamp between the cap 7L, and flange g' of the neck b. Upon the softmetal, may be stamped a name date dac. as ifit were wax, except thatmorepressure would be needed. The tube j, heretofore alluded to, may bepassed through the glass so that it is behind the cap and inaccessible.Although the metallic seal o is clamped as tightly as possible, yet itis evident to those who are versed with the difficulty of making an airtight joint between glass and metal, that enough air can pass throughthe imperfect joint thus made to feed the tube j, with approximately asmuch rapidity as if the tube opened into the out side atmosphere.

In Fig. 5, the tube j, is bent upward as it enters the bottle and isextended to such an extent that it just presses upon the rubber sheetvalve e. In Fig. 6, the same tube or at least a corresponding tube j, isbent downward, but this is by no means the preferable disposition.

In Fig. 7, the equivalent of the tubej, is formed directly in the glass,being simply a capillary hole extending from the exterior to theinterior of the bottle.

In Fig. 8, the tube extends from the interior of the bottle below thevalve e, to above said valve to an appreciable extent. It is seen topass along a groove in the top of the flange d. In Fig. 9, the sameresult is obtained by passing the tubej, through the valve e, itself;the valve being thickened there for the purpose of increased strength.This thickened portion may be replaced by or may represent the ball q orcone q.

In Figs. ll, l2, the conduit j of Fig. 7, is replaced by very fine andpractically invisible perforationsj which are made through the materialof the bottle in any convenient manner as for example by the electricspark. Fig` l1, may be considered as a part of Fig. l, the perforationsbeing below the ring g.

In Fig. 10, the valve e is a sheet of rubber cemented at one of itsedges to the top of the glass-flange d.

Referring again to Fig. l, it may be stated that the tube j, passesthrough the absorbent material m, and just escapes the surface of thecap h. At the mouth of this tube is a concave space, to prevent the easystopping up of the tube. rlhe blotting paper fits snugly at the top andbottom surfaces thereof, butis left loose between its outer surface andthe inner surface of the cap h. The air, therefore can pass not onlythrough the pores of the absorbent material but more easily in andthrough the space thus formed around the said material.

rl represents a fiange formed upon the neck of the bottle, so that thering g, may rest thereon in apfixed position.

As to the construction shown in Fig. 9, it may be stated that when theliquid is passing, or at about the saine time, around the tube j, andthrough the holesf, the air is passing in the opposite direction throughthe said tube. The enlarged central portion of the Valve e, serves tohold the tube with certainty, and without interfering with the motion ofthe valve.

By my invention, I so construct the bottle that no liquid can be placedin the bottle after it becomes empty, nor before, unless the seal isfirst broken, and yet the liquid may be removed in small quantities at atime aswell as in the ordinary bottles heretofore widely in use.

After the liquid is once introduced, the valve e, is stretched upon themouth of the bottle, and the cap is applied and sealed fast, and thesame stamped before hardening. The strength with which the cap is heldto the neck is due to the yielding collar g,whicl1 is of such a diameteras to be squeezed bythe application of the cap. The ring fn, is eitherfirst fastened to the glass or metal bottle or it may be a part thereof,i. e. if of a glass material, the ring may be cast therewith. The saidring has a projection d which together with the flange d serves to'prevent the sealing wax from being taken out as a whole or the cap h,from being removed and replaced without breaking the seal.

Having explained the manner in which the liquid is introduced, theoperation by which it is extracted and the science thereof may now beentered into.

When it is desired to get the liquid out, the bottle is inverted andshaken, when small quantities will proceed from the opening in the caph, while at the same time, air will take the place of the liquid byentering the tube j; but it is foundin practice that no liquid willissue through the tube j. The liquid passes out through the valves holesf, because its weight presses the sheet of rubber away from the fiangewhich is preferably very even or flat sothat normally the rubber sheete, will lie fiat thereon. The complete path of the air is through thetube p, then through the pores of and around the filling m, then throughthe tube j, then around the Valve lo, which is moved from the hole atthe end of the tube by the pressure of the air on entering to take theplace of the ejected liquid. When the bottle is again set right side up,the valve c, is again and immediately adjusted to its proper place andtension on the flange d, but it should be noticed that some of theliquid will be caught above the valve, which however is an advantage asit tends to maintain the said valve closed. It is important to notice,also that the valve 7c, may be IOO IIO

dispensed with because, if the tubej, is a very tine capillary tube noliquid will issue whatever. The advantage of using the lvalve 7c, isthat then the bore of the tube need not be capillary. This function isnecessary or at least desirable, often,` in the cases where the liquidis to be taken out by the wine glass full. The liquid will run out asfrom an ordinary bottle so that a wine glass could be filled in a fewseconds. It may be mentioned here as wellas else where, that theaggregate area of the holes in the valve e, should equal the total area,at least, of the hole t' in the cap.

If a liquid is forced or an attempt made to force liquid into the bottleby applying a nozzle to the tube p, the resultwill be a failure for thefollowing reason. The liquid, which will in the first place only entervery slowly, will immediately be absorbed by the blotting material orpaper m, or what ever absorbing substance is used. The liquid will fillthe pores of the substance. The secondary result will be a swelling ofthe substance, so that it will be impossible for the liquid to flow. Thepassage way, in other words, will be stopped up. Again, the discovery ofliquid in thisinner chamber will be a tell tale upon those or some onewho may have tampered with the device with the probable object todefraud the public.

From another point of attack of those who might try to enter liquid, itmay be stated that they might attempt to push inthe valve e, but in thecase a wire is injected into the hole t', it will be deflected by theball q or cone q, while, at the same time, the legs r, will prevent therubber sheet valve e, from being burst or torn. In practice, the holefi, would be as small as consistent with the purpose for which thebottle is intended.

It may be stated also that the tube p, is cut off Hush with the sealingmaterial, that no connection could be very easily made in any event, sothat pressure could be applied. It is admitted that some of the solutionof the chemical might cover the mouth of the tube and by the process ofevaporation, leave a salt which would retard the air, but on thedirections on the bottle it could be remarked that this hole should bekept free at its mouth of salts tc. Butit still remains true that noliquid would actually enter the hole p on account of the pressure oftheliquid remaining above the valve e; unless the pressureis very great,which is obviously impracticable.

In regard to the construction shown in Fig. 5, the tube j, becomesclosed after the bottle has been set upright, by means of the valve e,which settles upon the upper end of said tube. When the bottle isinverted, the valve is pressed away by the liquid so that the tubeserves as an air vent. The operation of the apparatus when equipped withthe constructions as shown in Figs. 6, 7, ll, and l2, is the same as inthe caseof Fig. l, i'. e. the air enters the tube j, and perforations jwhen the impossible to introduce liquid into the bottle in the case ofany of the constructions shown without breaking the seal; but itisimpossible to do so without breaking either the seal or the device.above the line X, may be broken off and the valve e, removed, and theliquid easilyintroduced; but the fracture, would subsequently show evenif mended and would amount to a signal that the bottle had been tamperedwith in the same manner as if the seal had been broken instead of thecap. Even if some device could hereafter be invented by others wherebythe bottle could be entered by liquid, after once empty without breakingeither the device or seal, yet it is evident that retail dealers wouldnot care to deceive to such an extent as to own such an opener.

In Fig. 13, is shown a peculiar valve especially adapted to carry out myinvention. It is made in the form of a sheet which is, as it were,bulgedont over the rim of the neck just above the ange d, and `in the same areslits so that they may be called teats, of which there are several. Theslits are lettered e and the rubber or valve itself is lettered e.Normally the rubber sheet covers the opening c, but when the bottle isinverted, the liquid rushes into the teats and through the slits, whichhowever close when the pressure is in the opposite direction.

In Fig. lat, a piece of rubber or leather or similar soft or yieldingwasher g is applied between the cap 7i, and the ring g whereby the jointbetween the two is practically hermetical, while a hole p is made toallow air to enter into the space between the cap and neck b.

An important point to be noticed is that relating to the valve or coneq,which in reality forms a part of the valve. It serves as a valve whoseseat is the inner surface of the cap 7i, and the hole it is adapted toclose is the aperture i. But the proportions are such that this closurewill occur only when the pressure is much greater than that due to theweight of the contained liquid. If one attempts to force liquid into thebottle through the tube j, the pressure if great would close the outletif, while if slight, the liquid left in the chamber above the valve e,would prevent. However, a shaking of the bottle when inverted will causethe liquid to issue in small quantities at each shake. Even with thegreatest skill it is practically impossible to introduce liquid throughthe tube j.

I claim as my invention l. The combination of a bottle, a valve upon Forexample, the top of the cap 7i,

IIO

and closing the mouth thereof, an apertured cap over the month and valveand fastened to the exterior of the bottle, and an air duet connectingthe interior of the bottle With the outside atmosphere.

2. The combination of a bottle, a valve upon and closing the mouththereof, an apertured cap over the mouth and valve, sealing material, asfor example wax, connecting the cap to the bottle, and an air ductconnecting the interior of the bottle with the outside atmosphere.

3. The combination of abott1e,a valve upon and closing the mouththereof, an apertured cap over the mouth and valve and sealed to thebottle, and a capillary tube connecting the interior of the bottle Withthe outside atmosphere.

4. The combination with the neck of a bottie, of a cap fitting over themouth thereof and provided with an outlet; a Valve for the mouth andopening into the cap; and acapillary tube Connecting the interior of thebotde With the interior of the cap.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed mynalne,in presence of two Witnesses, this 11th day of March,

HARVEY I. LEITH. Witnesses:

EDWARD I. THOMPSON, E. W. L. BLATZ.

